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Identify the evidence for each answer and the specific flaw in its nearest competitor. Complete the four written drills in the lesson before this practice set. Question numbers follow the shuffled order; Guide question labels match the lesson references.
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The drill
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Question 5
Guide question 2.05
Foundation
The catalog that the volunteers assembled from photographs of objects stored in the basement contains several entries absent from the museum's earlier inventory.
Which choice states the sentence's main claim?
Why this answer
Find the main claim
Correct choice: The new catalog includes entries missing from the earlier inventory.
The main structure is 'The catalog contains several entries absent from the earlier inventory.' Intervening material describes its assembly.
A: Neither the photographers nor comprehensive coverage are established.
C: The objects, not the earlier inventory, were in the basement.
D: No move is explained.
If you missed it: Find the subject and main verb before unpacking descriptions.
The ceramic panels arrived in wooden crates. After the crates were opened, they were removed one by one and mounted side by side to form a continuous ceramic mural.
What does 'they' refer to?
Why this answer
Resolve a pronoun
Correct choice: The ceramic panels
The ceramic panels are the objects removed from the opened crates and assembled into a ceramic mural. The nearer plural noun 'crates' fits the pronoun's number but not the described action and material.
B: The wooden crates are packaging; they do not form the ceramic mural.
C: Opening the crates does not make their wooden lids parts of a ceramic mural.
D: The mural is assembled from ceramic panels, not from panels together with wooden packaging.
If you missed it: Substitute each candidate and check both the action and the material.
The town published the proposed bus timetable before adopting it and invited riders to identify difficult connections. This led planners to revise two departure times.
What does 'This' most directly refer to?
Why this answer
Identify an event reference
Correct choice: Making the proposal available and seeking riders' input
'This' refers backward to the consultation process, which led to revisions.
A: Publication preceded adoption, and changes followed.
B: This later detail does not identify the consultation process.
D: Revision is the consequence, not the preceding event.
If you missed it: Distinguish the preceding action from its consequence.
Unlike the sketches preserved in the artist's notebook, the drawings donated by her former assistant depict completed buildings rather than proposed designs.
What distinction does the sentence make?
Why this answer
Track contrasting groups
Correct choice: The donated drawings show completed buildings, while the notebook sketches show proposed designs.
'Unlike' contrasts the collections; 'rather than' identifies completed buildings versus proposed designs as the distinction.
B: This erases the stated contrast.
C: Donating drawings does not establish who designed the buildings.
D: No creation chronology is supplied.
If you missed it: Pair each collection with its subject matter.
The explanation favored by critics who regard the novel's abrupt ending as accidental depends on a letter whose authenticity is accepted but whose date remains disputed.
Which choice accurately reconstructs the sentence?
Why this answer
Rebuild nested qualifications
Correct choice: Some critics favor an explanation that relies on a letter accepted as authentic but of disputed date.
The critics favor an explanation relying on a letter. They regard the ending as accidental; the letter is accepted as authentic, but its date remains disputed.
B: This reverses what is disputed and invents a cause.
C: A view becomes proven fact, and the uncertainty is misassigned.
D: The critics favor the explanation; the date remains disputed.
If you missed it: Pair each noun with its own details.
The reviewers did not object to the model's use of simplified assumptions. Rather, they objected to treating predictions derived from those assumptions as though the assumptions had already been verified. This, they argued, gave the predictions an appearance of certainty they had not earned.
What does 'This' refer to?
Why this answer
Trace a qualified event reference
Correct choice: Treating the predictions as if their underlying assumptions were already verified
'Rather' identifies the objection: treating unverified assumptions as verified when presenting predictions, thereby inflating apparent certainty.
A: The first sentence explicitly excludes simplification itself as the objection.
B: Actual verification differs from treating assumptions as verified.
C: Acknowledging uncertainty opposes the criticized appearance of certainty.
If you missed it: Separate the excluded objection from the actual objection.
Although the essays that mention the strike were written after the factory closed, their failure to mention the closure is difficult to interpret: the writers may have assumed that readers already knew of it.
Which paraphrase best preserves the sentence's reasoning?
Why this answer
Combine restriction and a limited conclusion
Correct choice: The relevant essays postdate the closure, but omitting it does not establish ignorance because the writers may have presumed readers knew.
The strike-related essays postdate the closure. Their silence remains ambiguous; presumed reader knowledge is one possible explanation, not a verified motive.
A: This reverses chronology and extends the claim to every essay.
B: Ambiguous silence does not prove ignorance.
D: This turns a possible assumption into a certain motive and fact.
If you missed it: Separate group, timeline, omission, and possible explanation.
The chair remained beside the window, as it had throughout her childhood. It was not its emptiness that unsettled Mira, who had expected to find the room unoccupied, but the new cushion, bright and unfamiliar, resting where her grandfather's worn shawl had always lain.
Which choice best explains what unsettles Mira?
Why this answer
Separate literary implication from invented motive
Correct choice: An unfamiliar cushion has replaced a familiar object in an otherwise familiar setting.
'Not ... but' identifies the unfamiliar cushion, not emptiness, as the source of discomfort. The cushion contrasts with the familiar shawl.
A: Mira explicitly expected an unoccupied room.
C: The chair remains in its familiar position.
D: Her reaction does not establish anyone's hostile intention.
If you missed it: Identify the rejected cause and the stated cause.